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Hari Kereta Api Amerika Serikat, 13 Mei 2023 : Simak Sejarah Transportasi Kereta Api di Amerika Serikat

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Hari Kereta Api Amerika Serikat, 13 Mei 2023 : Simak Sejarah Transportasi Kereta Api di Amerika Serikat

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Amerika
Lokomotif unit F EMD banyak digunakan pada tahun-tahun awal dieselisasi (Dok. Wikipedia)

Pekanbaru, Literasiaktual – Hari Kereta Api Amerika Serikat diperingati setiap tanggal 13 Mei.

Yuk simak dan kenali tentang transportasi Kereta Api Amerika Serikat.

Sejarah

Rel kereta api kayu, yang disebut wagonways, dibangun di Amerika Serikat mulai tahun 1720-an. Sebuah rel kereta api dilaporkan digunakan dalam pembangunan benteng Prancis di Louisburg, Nova Scotia, di New France (sekarang Kanada) pada tahun 1720. Antara tahun 1762 dan 1764, pada akhir Perang Prancis dan India (1756-1763), sebuah rel kereta api gravitasi (trem mekanis) yang disebut Montresor’s Tramway dibangun oleh para insinyur militer Inggris di daerah tepi sungai yang curam di dekat lereng air terjun Niagara di Niagara Portage (yang oleh orang Seneca setempat disebut “Merangkak dengan Merangkak”) di Lewiston, New York.

Jalur kereta api memainkan peran besar dalam perkembangan Amerika Serikat dari revolusi industri di Timur Laut (1810-1850) hingga pemukiman di Barat (1850-1890). Kegilaan kereta api Amerika dimulai dengan berdirinya jalur penumpang dan barang pertama di negara ini yaitu Baltimore and Ohio Railroad pada tahun 1827 dan upacara “Peletakan Batu Pertama” serta dimulainya pembangunannya yang panjang ke arah barat melewati rintangan Pegunungan Appalachian di bagian timur pada tahun berikutnya, yaitu tahun 1828, dan berkembang pesat dengan proyek-proyek pembangunan jalur kereta api yang terus menerus selama 45 tahun berikutnya hingga terjadi kepanikan keuangan pada tahun 1873 yang diikuti dengan depresi ekonomi besar yang membangkrutkan banyak perusahaan serta untuk sementara waktu menghambat dan mengakhiri pertumbuhan.

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